Faster loading of extension-based applications using caching

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are methods for efficient loading of extensions or “plug ins” into a host software program. In a preferred embodiment, extensions registered with the host software program are loaded when the host program is first initialized. During their loading, changes that the various extensions make to the host program are recorded in a cache file, including graphical changes to the user interface and non-graphical changes. Later, when the host program is again initialized, the cache file is read in lieu of loading the extensions, with the affect that it appears to the user that the extensions&#39; functionality are fully present in the host application, although in reality the extensions are not yet loaded. Instead, the extensions are loaded when and if they are called, either by the user or automatically by the computer. This saves time upon host program initialization as the extensions, once cached, need not be loaded until they are called.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates in general to computer software, and specificallyto methods for efficient loading of extensions or “plug ins” into a hostsoftware program.

BACKGROUND

Application programs such as Adobe Acrobat™, Adobe Photoshop™, MicrosoftInternet Explorer™, Microsoft Word™, etc., can be supplemented by thirdparty software producers through the inclusion of application“extensions.” Such application extensions “extend” the functionality ofthe host program by adding third party software functionality to thehost program, or optionally may override certain functionality in thehost program. Sometime, such extensions are referred to in the art as“plug ins.”

For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a screen shot of the graphical userinterface 10 of Microsoft Word is shown. In this example, MicrosoftWord, the hosting program, has been extended to include functionalityfrom a third party software product called “Garret.” Accordingly,certain functional aspects of the Garret program have been madeavailable within Word as the hosting program, which can occur in anynumber of ways. For example, the Garret application extension can causea “Garret” drop-down menu 18 to be displayed as a modification to Word'sstandard menu bar 12. Although not shown, this drop-down menu 18 wouldallow the user to access the loaded functionality from the Garretextension (or extensions). Alternatively, menu options specific to theloaded Garret extension may appear as selections within the standardmenu options already present on the standard menu bar 12 without theneed for a separate Garret drop-down menu 18, although this is notshown.

Additionally, the loaded extension may cause a “Garret” tool bar 16 toappear in the user interface 10, providing buttons or drop-down windowsto again allow the user to access the loaded functionality provided bythe extension(s). Such extension buttons may be separate from orintegrated with the standard tool bar 14 otherwise provided by Word asthe hosting program. Of course, these manners of modifying the userinterface of the hosting program by the extensions are merely exemplary.Alternatively, some of the aspects of the loaded extensions may not bevisible to the user and/or may not cause modification of the graphicaluser interface 10.

For extensions to operate in this fashion, the hosting program mustinclude an Application Programming Interface (API) to allow theextensions to register with the host program. After being registered,the registered extensions are loaded when the host program isinitialized, e.g., when the user runs the host program or when the hostprogram is otherwise made to run automatically. In short, when the hostprogram is initialized, the extensions too are loaded and initialized.But the additional computer resources required to load the registeredextensions can make initializing the host program slow. For example, inthe example shown in FIG. 1, when Word is initialized, the registeredextensions may require queries to certain files or code fragments withinthe Garret program, and these files or code fragments may be scatteredelsewhere on the computer's hard drive, i.e., wherever the Garretprogram is ultimately stored. Of course, the additional time taken toinitialize the Word program is further lengthened if there are severalregistered extensions for a given program (such as “Garret”), and/or ifextensions from many different third party software programs are used.At some point, this additional time becomes unsatisfactory to the user,who generally will not wish to wait more than a few seconds for the hostprogram to initialize.

Further compounding this problem is the fact that all registeredextensions are typically loaded regardless of whether they will be used.For example, suppose a Garret extension 22 (in this case, a button)provides certain additional functionality to the Word program, e.g., byproviding an additional spell checking feature. It may be the case thatthe user never wishes to access this additional spell checking feature(perhaps because the user is comfortable using the spell checkingfeature already provided by Word), or that the user will use thisfeature only occasionally (e.g., one time out of every twenty times theuser runs the Word program). In such cases, using processing resources(and time) to load the Garret extension for the spell checking featureis generally wasteful. Again, the overall problem is compounded when onerealizes that a particular hosting program might potentially havehundreds of extensions that are registered to it, of which some willnever (or only occasionally) be selected by the user or automatically bythe host program.

One solution to this problem is to simply not allow the extensions toload, or to load them at a time when the functionality that theextension provides is selected or called. For example, in Microsoft'sInternet Explorer (IE) program, and as shown in FIG. 2, a registrydirectory 30 is provided by which extensions can register themselveswith IE as the host program. Specifically, the extensions 32, 34 arepreferably (from IE's point of view) accompanied by registry keys 36, 38in the registry directory 30. The registry keys 36, 38 can constitutepointers to where the extensions, and certain specific informationconcerning the extensions, are stored. Thus, when IE initializes, itreviews the registry keys 36, 38, and gathers (for example) bit mapsfrom the extensions relating to changes in the graphical user interfacethat the extensions would have IE make. For example, if extension 32would have IE place a button (such as 22) on a tool bar, the bit map forthat button would be fetched as specified by the key 36. Thus, when IEinitializes, it in theory is able to merely consult the keys 36, 38,gather the appropriate minimal information from the extensions, and makenecessary changes to the user interface so that it appears to the userthat the extensions 32, 34 have been fully loaded. However, theextension is not in fact loaded at this time, but instead is fullyloaded when and if the functionality pertaining to that extension iscalled (such as by selecting button 22). Accordingly, this schemepotentially allows the extensions to be loaded only when and if they areengaged, saving time during the initialization of the host program.

But there are drawbacks to this approach. First, as just mentioned, thehost program (i.e., IE) would potentially need to load or read a numberof pieces of data (e.g., the bit maps) from the extensions programs uponinitialization as specified by the keys 36, 38. As these pieces of datawould reside with the extension programs, they would be randomlyscattered throughout the computer's hard drive, thus requiring at leastsome processing and time to retrieve them upon the host program'sinitialization. Second, by virtue of this approach, the host programshifts responsibility to the extension programmers to write theirextensions 32, 34 (or at least their keys 36, 38) in a manner specifiedby the host program to allow for efficient processing of the type setforth above. This requires the extension programmers to have knowledgeof the host program's desired formats for registration, which they maynot have even if such optional formatting schemes are made public aspart of the API. Moreover, extension program writers may lack incentiveto code their extensions in this way, which results in yet a thirddrawback: despite IE's permitted acceptance of register keys 36, 38 tohelp facilitate loading of the extension, the fact remains that IE doesnot require the use of register keys, i.e., does not require theregistering extension to partake of time-saving extension-loadingkey-based scheme discussed above. Thus, as illustrated by extension 40in FIG. 2, an extension can fail to provide a key to IE's registrydomain 30, and instead can merely provide the extension to the registrydomain, thereby causing the extension to fully load when the hostprogram is initialized. Should all extensions decide not to use the hostprogram's registration format, all benefits of the scheme are lost.Fourth, once a registry key format has been set by the host program toallow for efficient extension loading, that format must thereaftercontinue to be supported by the host program, or extension programsrelying on that format will not be recognized. Fifth, this schemeprovides a solution for only the simplest user interface additions. Itdoes not address non-user interface additions, deletions, ormodifications, nor user interface modifications or additions. Thus manyextensions may not use such a scheme.

Accordingly, the software art would be benefited by a better solution tothe problem of efficient initialization of a host program to whichextensions have been registered.

SUMMARY

Disclosed herein are methods for efficient loading of extensions or“plug ins” into a host software program. In a preferred embodiment,extensions registered with the host software program are loaded when thehost program is first initialized. During their loading, changes thatthe various extensions make to the host program are recorded in a cachefile, including changes to the graphical user interface andnon-graphical changes. Later, when the host program is againinitialized, the cache file is read in lieu of loading the extensions,with the effect that it appears to the user that the extensions'functionality are fully present in the host application, although inreality the extensions are not yet loaded. Instead, the extensions areloaded when and if they are called, either by the user or automaticallyby the host program. This saves time upon host program initialization asthe extensions, once cached, need not be loaded until they are called.Use of the disclosed technique does not require the extensions to becoded or registered in any particular format.

The disclosed cache file preferably comprises earlier recorded data,which the host program reads upon subsequent initializations of the hostprogram. The data preferably comprises all that is necessary to make thehost program appear to the user as if all extensions have been fullyloaded, and provides sufficient information to generate “proxy code” foreach extension which can be run when and if the cached extension iscalled for loading. Thus, for extensions that modify graphics, the datain the cache file preferably contains a bit map of the requiredinformation as well as the information needed to find and load theassociated extension. For non-graphical changes, the cache file data maycomprise a pointer to the extension code or to that extension'sregistration in the registry directory, i.e., what is necessary to findand load the extensions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the inventive aspects of this disclosure will be bestunderstood with reference to the following detailed description, whenread in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art graphical user interface of a hostprogram (Microsoft Word™) and the effect of extensions on the userinterface from an extension program (Garret).

FIG. 2 illustrates prior art, specifically Microsoft Internet Explorer™(IE), and the mechanism by which extensions can register with IE throughthe use of keys to facilitate efficient loading of the extensions.

FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart of an embodiment of the disclosedtechnique for processing and loading extensions into a host program.

FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a cache file generated by thedisclosed technique.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary procedure to be performed by the proxycode that is generated from the cache file for each extension.

FIG. 6 illustrates modifications to a call chain to a host programprocedure caused by recording, calling, and eventually loading anextension.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 3 illustrates the basic flow of the disclosed solution foraddressing the problem of extension loading during host programinitialization. The process starts by allowing the extensions toregister with the host program (50) using any registration techniquesuch as those well known to those skilled in the art. Such registrationstep preferably does not require the use of registration keys (e.g., 36,38 in FIG. 1), but rather allows the extension to register by merelyinforming the host application of the extension.

Next, the host program initializes (i.e., is run) (60), and theextensions are allowed, at least initially, to fully load (70). As oneskilled in the art will recognize, such loading of extensions generallyoccurs rather early in the initialization of the host program, forexample, before the display of graphics on the user interface. This islogical, as it allows the extensions to load and perhaps modify thegraphics of host program before they are displayed in substantial detailto the user. Moreover, as one skilled in the art will appreciate, theloading of the extensions occurs during a set period in the hostapplication's launch sequence.

During loading of the extensions during this period (70), the loadingprocess is monitored by the host application, and those aspects workinga change to the host program (whether graphical or not) are recorded andstored in a cache file 150. While this cache file 150 will be explainedin more detail later, the cache file 150 essentially represents thechanges that the extensions work to the host program. For example, if aparticular extension will add a button (such as 22, FIG. 1) to the userinterface of the host program, the cache file 150 will record thetextual/graphical/location information for that button being displayed.In another example not constituting a graphic-based change, if aparticular extension will add a new or different random number generatorto the host program, the location of the new random number generatorextension (i.e., where it is located on the user's hard disk) is cached,as is explained further below. Thus, during the recording and cachegeneration process (70), the extensions themselves are not cached;rather only the changes the extensions render to the user interfaceand/or any other information relevant to how the host program will bechanged are cached.

When the host program is subsequently initialized again (80), the cachefile 150 is first checked to see if any new extensions not previouslycached have been registered with the host program, or whether anyextensions previously cached have been deregistered with the hostprogram. (More on this later). Assuming no newly added or deletedextensions, the extensions this time are not loaded, and instead thecache file 150 is read, “proxy code” 200 is constructed (explainedfurther below), and the host program is modified accordingly (90). Asthe cache file 150 contains all information relevant to changes in thehost program (whether graphical or non-graphical) as previouslyrecorded, the host program presents to the user what appears to be thehost program as modified by the extensions, even though the extensionsare not fully loaded nor ready for execution at this stage. Thus forexample, the user would see the cached toolbar button (22, FIG. 1)displayed, and non-graphical changes would have the necessary pointersin place (although not apparent to the user).

Thereafter, should the functionality of a particular extension be calledby the user (e.g., by selecting button 22), or automatically by the hostprogram itself, that extension is then loaded using the proxy code forthe extension, which in turn executes the extension's functionality(100). The proxy code may be able to completely remove itself so thatsubsequent invocations of functionality directly call the now-loadedextension, as explained below.

While the user must therefore wait for the registered extensions tofully load the first time the host program is initialized, thereafteronly the cache file 150 needs to be read to make the application appearfully functional. Because the cache file 150 is preferably a single file(although perhaps a file in subparts as explained later) and located ata single region on the user's hard drive, it will load relativelyquickly, and substantially more quickly than the loading of eachextension. Then, when and if a particular extension is called, it can befully loaded, thereby pushing the wait for such a load from the hostprogram's initialization to the more reasonable time when the extensionis first used. Moreover, and as noted earlier, the extensions require nospecial coding or formatting to render them compatible with this cachingscheme.

With the above serving as an overview of the disclosed technique,further implementation details for the disclosed method are discussed,starting with FIG. 4, which illustrates a representation of an exemplarycache file 150. While the cache file 150 is preferably formatted as asingle file, it can also be considered for illustrative purposes as atable having rows for each extension, and columns (A-C) comprising datapertinent to that extension.

Central to the cache file 150 is the recorded data (column C) for eachextension. As noted earlier, the data in the cache file will varydepending on the type of extension at issue, and preferably varies ifthe extension works a graphical change or a non-graphical change to theuser interface for the application. For a graphical change, the datawould contain in significant part the graphical data for the change tobe made to the user interface, which may constitute the text for thebutton, a bit map for the button, and its location on the graphical userinterface or on some other structure such as a toolbar (see, e.g.,Extensions #11, 16). Of course, these cached attributes are merelyexemplary, and other information can be cached depending on thecircumstances. For example, the extension might desire a button to bedisplayed only when a document is opened in the host program or onlywhen text is selected; such information is also stored in the cache file150 so that the button looks and behaves correctly even when theextension hasn't been loaded. In other embodiments, a pointer to thegraphical data (i.e., in the original extension program) can be includedwith or used in lieu of the captured graphical data in column C, butthis is less preferred as this would involve an intermediate step fordisplaying the graphical data and hence slow loading of the cache file.For a non-graphical change, the data in the cache file would preferablyconstitute a pointer to where the code for the extension can be found(e.g., Extension #1, 5, and 32), as is explained further below. In anyevent, the cache file 150 provides the host program what it needs tomake it appear as if all extensions have been fully loaded.Additionally, the cache file 150 data's is preferably also sufficient togenerate “proxy code” 200 for each extension, as will be explained inmore detail later.

Also shown in FIG. 4 is the association between the data in the cachefile 150 and the extension to which it relates (column A), as it isregistered in the registry. This entry essentially constitutes a pointerto the extension. Thus, entry “1” for Extension #1 points to the firstextension in the registry directory. For ease of illustration, theextensions are numbered in the order in which they would normally beexpected to load, although this is not strictly required (e.g.,Extension #19 might actually load as the third extension, i.e.,Extension #19 would be listed in the third row of the cache file 150).Because this registry entry in turn points to the actual extension(i.e., where it exists on the hard drive), the entry “1” in effectconstitutes a cached pointer and ultimately points to where theextension resides through the registry directory as an intermediary. Fornon-graphical user interface changes (such as the random numbergenerator example discussed above), such caching of the pointer may beall the “data” that is required. Of course, in alternative embodiments,a specific pointer directly to the extension on the hard disk (asopposed to the registry directory) could also be cached as data inColumn C, which might serve to eliminate the need to point to theregistry directory as an intermediary step. However, directly cachingthe pointer as data is less preferred because the registry informationfor the extension already contains a pointer to the extension, and hencecaching that as data would be somewhat redundant. Although the data incolumn C may be blank (N/A) for such non-graphical user interfacechanges, for simplicity, data (i.e., the pointer) is still said to becached by virtue of the extension number in column A. In any event, theassociation between the cached data and the extension as reflected incolumn A is important in preferred aspects of the disclosed technique,because eventually the extension only pseudo-loaded via the cache file150 may need to be loaded in earnest when and if the extension iscalled.

Column B, reflecting the basic operation of a given extension, reflectsthe routine in the host program that is to be changed, modified, oradded, which again can be recorded upon the first initialization of thehost program. Knowing this is also important in practice of thedisclosed technique, for example, to ensure that the extensions will notconflict, as described in further detail below. Of course, the dataformats of the cache file 150 in FIG. 4 are merely exemplary and aredescribed in functional terms to aid in their understanding. As oneskilled in the art will understand, the actual coding and datastructures in the cache file 150 could be represented in any number ofways.

FIG. 4 further illustrates that a particular extension can work morethan a singular change to the host program. For example, Extension #11works a change to a toolbar button which allows the user to select a“Bold Text” function, and additionally adds a new textual entry in the“Tools” menu. Extension # 32 likewise works two changes, although theseare both non-graphical in nature (adjustments to the host program'sspell check and random number generator routines). Of course, anextension can work both graphical and non-graphical changes.Additionally, an extension (e.g., Extension #5) can comprise a servicewhich provides functionality to the host program or other applicationsor extension if they wish to receive the same and know of the service'sexistence.

Different extensions may seek to modify the same routines within thehost program. Thus, extensions #1, 5, and 32 for example all provide anew random number generator routine to the host program. Ways in whichthe disclosed technique addresses these special considerations isaddressed later.

Once the cache file 150 has been generated, it is queried and loaded inlieu of loading of the extensions when the host program is subsequentlyinitialized as noted earlier, thus allowing the host program toinitialize more quickly (90, FIG. 3). The cache file 150 still remainsimportant however even after loading because in preferred embodiment itcan continue to operate as “map” or “key” for associating the entries inthe cache file to their extensions and to the routines in the hostprogram that the extensions seek to modify.

When a particular extension is called for loading (e.g., when apseudo-loaded button is selected), “proxy code” 200 is preferably usedas a means for loading the extension, and in a sense such code operatesas an intermediary between the extensions as they are pseudo-loaded(using the cache file) and the actual extensions themselves. Such proxycode 200 for each extension is constructed using the data in the cachefile 150, including the various associations between the actualextension itself (column A) and the affected host program routine(column B). The proxy code is preferably generated when the cache file150 is read.

A functional description 250 of the proxy code 200 for a givenextension, and how such code handles an eventual call for loading of theextension, is shown in the flow chart of FIG. 5. (Again, the proxy code200 is preferably generated during loading of the cache file). As afirst step, after a called extension (e.g., extension #X) is called forloading (260), it is determined whether that extension had beenpreviously loaded (265). If so, there is no need to re-load theextension, and instead the code provided by extension # X is merelyexecuted (290).

However, if this is the first time Extension #X is being loaded during asession of the host program, all modifications which the cache file 150performed subsequent to Extension #X are undone in reverse order (265)(i.e., “rolled back”). Then, the modifications the cache file performedfor Extension #X are removed (270), and then Extension #X is fullyloaded (275). Then, the cache file is again read, and extensionssubsequent to Extension #X are redone (i.e. “rolled forward”) to onceagain pseudo-load them (280). Thereafter, the newly loaded Extension#X's code can be executed (285). While the specific coding for the proxycode 200 can and will vary between platforms and operating systems, oneskilled in the art will appreciate that all of the information needed togenerate the proxy code is determinable from the cache file 150 itself,as the cache file contains the ordering of the extensions (as reflectedby their rows) and the necessary associations with the actual extensionsthemselves and the routines in the host program that the extensionsaffect.

Steps 265 and 280 can be thought of as a roll-back/roll-forwardprocedure, and is designed to preserve the ordering that the extensionswould exhibit were they allowed to load as normal. Essentially, thesesteps seek to keep the extensions from conflicting with one another. Forexample, as noted in FIG. 4, three extensions seek to modify the hostprogram's random number generator routine (Extension # 1, 5, and 32).Suppose Extension #5 is called for loading, perhaps because the exportservice feature has been called. Absent any further consideration, suchloading of Extension # 5 would potentially “trump” (i.e., overwrite) therandom number generator routine for Extension #32, which otherwise wouldhave taken precedence over Extension #5 had the extensions been allowedto load in their normal order.

Accordingly, the roll-back/roll-forward procedure, in a simpleembodiment, would start with the last extension (say Extension #50), andundo the cache file modifications. Thus, if Extension #50 had forexample caused a button to be displayed, that button would be removed.This un-doing procedure is then rolled back to the second-to-lastextension (#49), then #48, #47, etc. (265) until the selected extension(#5) itself is undone (270). Extension #5 is then loaded as it wascalled (275), and its proxy code is updated or removed (more on thislater). Then, the cache file 150 is re-read and rolled forward (280) tore-execute the extensions from that point forward. Thus, the cache file150 for Extension #6 is again performed, then Extension #7, and so onuntil the cache file is read through to its end (#50). Using thistechnique, it is assured that loading of a particular extension will notaffect other extensions that have been loaded, and that the extensionswill react predictably and in order as desired.

However, it may not be strictly necessary to undo/redo certainextensions and/or all aspects of those extensions. For example, thecache file, through its association to the routines in the host programto be effected (FIG. 4, column B) can identify potential conflicts tofurther streamline the roll-back/roll-forward procedure. For example,assume again that Extension #5 called for loading. Prior to the rollback (265), the host program can assess the routines that are affectedin the host computer (column B), which reveals that only Extension #32also seeks to affect the random number generator routine of the hostprogram. In this case, only Extension #32 need be rolled back (265),followed by a roll back of Extension #5 (270), then Extension #5 can befully loaded (275), and Extension #32 rolled forward (280). In a stillfurther improvement, potentially affected extensions need not rolledback and forward in their entirety. For example, Extension #32 alsoaffects the spell checker, but this has no relationship to Extension #5.Thus, only the random number generator function of Extension #32 need berolled back (265), then Extension #5 is rolled back and loaded (270,275), and then the random number generator portion of Extension #32 isrolled forward (280).

It is generally preferred that such undoing and redoing of the cachefile 150 be generally transparent to the user. Accordingly, it ispreferred to “freeze” the graphical user interface while theroll-back/roll-forward is accomplished, so that the user will not see(for example) buttons popping off and on the graphical user interface.One skilled in the art well knows how to freeze the screen in a typicalcomputer, which will vary between operating systems.

Through the use of the preferred embodiment of the proxy code 200, asshown in FIG. 5, roll back (265) and roll forward (280) may not berequired for all extensions that are called for loading. For example,suppose the host program is initialized, and the user selects thenewly-added button on the toolbar for the equation editor as provided byExtension #16. Because no other extension bears any relation to thefunctionality of this extension (as noted via a review of column B),roll back (265) and roll forward (280) can be skipped in its entiretywhen that extension is loaded.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary manner in which the proxy code 200 isgenerated and operates in an actual implementation. In this simpleexample, the extension 300 comprises a modification to the hostprogram's spell checking routine 305 to add the additional functionalityto spell check technical terms, i.e., to add a technical dictionary. Thecall chain to the host routine 305 absent the extension (400) comprisesa pointer 350 to the host routine 305. When the extension 300 is loaded(405) upon initialization of host program (and assuming no previouscaching), the pointer 350 in the call chain points to it. As shown,other routines (or extensions) (310, 315, 320) can be present in thecall chain to the host spell checking routine 305. When the host programis subsequently initialized, the cache file 150 is read, and the proxycode 360 for the extension is inserted into the call chain in lieu ofthe loaded extension 300 (410). When the spell checking feature (andhence, the tech words extension 300) is eventually called during asession of the host program (415), the proxy code 360, which would nolonger be required in this simple example, is removed from the callchain. Then the extension 300 is loaded and inserted back at thebeginning of the call chain (420). Thereafter, the proxy code (360)reestablishes the complete call chain so as to allow the now-loadedextension 305 to be directly called (425) upon subsequent calls, withoutthe need for re-loading.

An issue to contend with using the disclosed technique is the scenarioin which a particular extension is loaded, but later another extensionaffecting that loaded extension's functionality is selected for loading.For example, and referring again to FIG. 4, suppose Extension #5 hasbeen loaded by virtue of an earlier selection of the random numbergenerator functionality that extension provides. As a result, the proxycode for extension #5 may have been removed (see, e.g., FIG. 6, 415).Assume later that Extension #1 is called for loading, which alsomodifies the host program's random number generator routine. During rollback, an absent other considerations, the proxy code for Extension #5would be undone, as would the proxy code for Extension #1, thenExtension #1 is loaded. However, in this case, it might not be possibleor advisable to remove the proxy code for Extension #5, because it wouldbe preferable to keep the proxy code 200 in tact forroll-back/roll-forward. Accordingly, in this case, the proxy code forExtension #5 would preferably not be removed upon loading the extension,but instead would change to become a call to the extension's code. Thisway the proxy code is still available for roll-back/roll-forward. Then,during roll forward, the proxy code for Extension #5 can be restored, inessence hiding the existence of Extension #5 from Extension #1 to keepthe host program from being confused.

Yet another issue to consider is the circumstance in which an extensionis called for loading, which in turn requires another extension to beloaded. For example, suppose the user selects the equation button ofExtension #16, but Extension #16 requires the “support service” ofExtension #5 to provide the functionality. Thus, loading Extension #16may also load Extension #5. The recursive loading of Extension #5 duringthe load of Extension #16 behaves in a similar manner to non-recursiveloading of Extension #5. Such recursive loading of the extensionsobviates the need to cache dependencies between the extensions.

When a session of the host program terminates (e.g., is exited), thecache file 150 is preferably stored without modification and reloadedthe next time the host program is initialized. However, the cache table150 could be modified in other embodiments. For example, by reviewingand tracking the history or frequency with which various extensions wereloaded, the host application might infer that certain extensions aredesirable to the user, and may modify the cache file 150 toautomatically load those extensions upon subsequent initializations ofthe host program. Alternatively, the user might be provided an option to“turn on” such frequently desired extensions to ensure that they loadupon each initialization of the host program. Either way, hostinitialization would be lengthened as those previously selectedextensions are loaded, but this may be preferable to a user who mightprefer such frequently-used extensions to not have to load during themiddle of a given session.

Newly registered extensions and deleted unregistered extensions areeasily addressed with the disclosed technique. When the host program isinitialized, the computer first checks the contents of the registrydirectory and the cache file 150 (i.e., column A, FIG. 4) to see whichextensions are present in both. If a new extension is determined to bepresent in the registry directory, it is determined in which order thatextension would load without the use of the disclosed technique. (Oneskilled in the art will recognize that many different ways exist toallow the host program to order the loading of the extensions). Afterthis, the cache file 150 is executed up to the point in the cache wherethe new extension would intervene. The new extension is then loaded andrecorded as explained above, and such information is stored as a new“row” in the cache file 150. Thereafter, the cache file 150 continuesits execution where it left off. It can be recognized that the firstinitialization of the host program involves a special case for theadding of new extensions, in the sense that all extensions will berecognized as new and cached accordingly. By contrast, should it bedetermined that an extension has deregistered itself from the hostprogram (i.e., because it is no longer present in the registrydirectory), that “row” in the cache file 150 can be deleted and/orskipped during its execution.

Certain extensions may logically need to be fully loaded instead ofbeing cached. For example, an extension providing a stock tickerdisplaying stock prices would naturally need to be fully loaded andexecuted so it could start displaying accurate stock price data. In thisand similar circumstances, the caching aspects disclosed herein could besubverted by allowing the extension to request the host program to loadit each and every time the host program is initialized without caching.Such a request can come in the form of a key, command, or otherspecified format. However, while it may be useful to allow someextensions to exempt themselves from being cached, most extensions wouldnot need such treatment, or would find caching non-problematic.

In other useful embodiments, the cache file/proxy code need not begenerated by the host program, and need not be recorded upon loading ofthe extensions. Instead, the cache file/proxy code could be createdindependently by a program other than the host program, and by meansother than recording. In short, in one embodiment, the technique merelyenvisions that the cache file with the necessary data and/or the proxycode be provided to the host program in some manner.

It should be clear from this disclosure that “changes” to the hostprogram denotes not merely changes visible to the user (such asgraphical user interface changes provided by a bit map), but alsoredirection of the host program (e.g., by using a pointer to either theregistry directory or the extensions as they exist on the hard disk).

The cache file 150 need not in all useful embodiments be generated by orrecorded by the host program. For example, the cache file could bemanually generated even prior to the initialization of the host program,and independently of the host program. Such an alternatively-generatedcache file would be particularly useful in embodiments in which it wouldnot be desirable to read the cache file even upon the firstinitialization of the host program and without the need to first recordloading of the extensions. The cache file need not be a single unitaryfile (although this is preferable), but could comprise files or otherdata structures related or linked to provide the desired functionalityof the host program to pseudo-load all extensions registered to it. Forexample, several registries of extensions could be stored as severalcache files and each cache file used in turn to pseudo-load eachregistry of extensions 150. The “cache file” or “file” as used hereinshould be so understood, and should be understood as potentiallycomprising multiple files or data structures, even if referred to in thesingular.

While it is contemplated that the extensions of interest are“registered” with the host program, it should be understood that suchregistration does not require use of any formal mechanism, such asinclusion of the extensions in a registry directory as disclosedearlier. Thus, extensions can be “registered” with the host program inany number of ways that otherwise associate the extensions with the hostprogram.

The foregoing methods and other functional aspects are easilyprogrammable, and such programming would be a routine matter to acomputer programmer of skill using any of a variety of differentprogramming languages in the context of many different operatingsystems. Of course, the methods would be ultimately coded and stored ona computer-readable media, such as a compact disk, a tape, stored in avolatile or non-volatile memory, etc. While disclosed in the context ofa traditional computer, it should be understood that the disclosedmethods are not so limited. For example, the disclosed methods can haveapplicability with respect to other devices such as handheld devices(Personal Data Assistants, cell phones, etc.) and other multimediadevices (such as televisions, etc.).

The cache file 150 need not necessarily reside at the same location asthe host program. For example, the cache file 150 could reside on aserver coupled to a user's or users' computer(s) running the hostprogram, and made available to each user when they initialize the localversion(s) of the host program. Additionally, portions of the cache file150 could reside on different computers or servers, i.e., the cache file150 need not be a contiguous data file. Of course, each user could havetheir own cache files 150 for a given host program, with certainportions potentially sharable with other users also having access to thehost program at different computers. Thus, the cache file used by oneuser can be generated in whole or in part by another user.

It should be understood that the inventive concepts disclosed herein arecapable of many modifications. To the extent such modifications fallwithin the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents, they areintended to be covered by this patent.

1. A method for initializing a host program having a plurality ofextensions registered thereto for modifying, deleting, or adding to thefunctionality of the host program, comprising: initializing the hostprogram; and upon initializing the host program, reading a file in lieuof loading the extensions, wherein the file represents changes to thehost program that the extensions would make were the extensionspermitted to load with the initialization of the host program.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the file was generated upon an earlierinitialization of the host program.
 3. The method of claim 2, whereinthe changes to the host program were recorded upon the earlierinitialization of the host program.
 4. The method of claim 1, whereinthe file generated independently of the host program.
 5. The method ofclaim 1, wherein at least one change represents a graphical change to agraphical user interface of the host program.
 6. The method of claim 5,wherein the graphical change represented in the file comprises dataindicative of the graphical change.
 7. The method of claim 6, furthercomprising displaying the graphical data on the graphical userinterface.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one changerepresents a non-graphical change to the host program.
 9. The method ofclaim 8, wherein the non-graphical change comprises a pointer toexecutable code for an extension associated with the change by the file.10. The method of claim 1, wherein the extensions are registered to thehost program through inclusion of the extensions in a registry directoryof the host program.
 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:selecting at least one change after initialization of the host program;and in response to such a selection, loading an extension associatedwith the change by the file.
 12. The method of claim 11, furthercomprising displaying the at least one change on a graphical userinterface of the host program, and wherein the change is selected from agraphical user interface.
 13. A method for initializing a host programhaving at least one extension registered thereto for modifying,deleting, or adding to the functionality of the host program,comprising: initializing the host program; and upon initializing thehost program, reading a file in lieu of loading the at least oneextension, wherein the file was generated upon an earlier initializationof the host program and comprises changes that the extensions made tothe host program.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the changes to thehost program were recorded by the host program upon the earlierinitialization of the host program.
 15. The method of claim 13, whereinthe method is performed with a plurality of extensions.
 16. The methodof claim 13, wherein at least one change represents a graphical changeto a graphical user interface of the host program.
 17. The method ofclaim 16, wherein the graphical change represented in the file comprisesgraphical data indicative of the graphical change.
 18. The method ofclaim 17, further comprising displaying the graphical data on thegraphical user interface.
 19. The method of claim 13, wherein at leastone change represents a non-graphical change to the host program. 20.The method of claim 19, wherein the non-graphical changes comprise apointer to executable code for an extension associated with the changeby the file.
 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the extensions areregistered to the host program through inclusion of the extensions in aregistry directory of the host program.
 22. The method of claim 13,further comprising: selecting at least one change after initializationof the host program; and in response to such a selection, loading anextension associated with the change by the file.
 23. The method ofclaim 22, further comprising displaying the at least one change on agraphical user interface of the host program, and wherein the change isselected from a graphical user interface.
 24. A method for initializinga host program having at least one extension registered thereto formodifying, deleting, or adding to the functionality of the host program,comprising: initializing the host program, including loading the atleast one extension; and monitoring the loading of the at least oneextension to create a file, wherein the file comprises changes that theextensions make to the host program.
 25. The method of claim 24, whereinthe method is performed with a plurality of extensions.
 26. The methodof claim 24, wherein at least one change represents a graphical changeto a graphical user interface of the host program.
 27. The method ofclaim 26, wherein the graphical change represented in the file comprisesdata indicative of the graphical change.
 28. The method of claim 24,wherein at least one change represents a non-graphical change to thehost program.
 29. The method of claim 28, wherein a non-graphicalchanges comprise a pointer to executable code for an extensionassociated with the change by the file.
 30. The method of claim 24,wherein the extensions are registered to the host program throughinclusion of the extensions in a registry directory of the host program.31. The method of claim 24, further comprising: reinitializing the hostprogram; and upon reinitializing the host program, reading the file inlieu of loading the extensions.
 32. The method of claim 24, furthercomprising: selecting at least one change after initialization of thehost program; and in response to such a selection, loading an extensionassociated with the change by the file.
 33. The method of claim 32,further comprising displaying the at least one change on a graphicaluser interface of the host program, and wherein the change is selectedfrom a graphical user interface.
 34. A method for initializing a hostprogram having at least one extension registered thereto for modifying,deleting, or adding to the functionality of the host program,comprising: initializing the host program; upon initializing the hostprogram, reading a file in lieu of loading the extensions, wherein thefile represents at least one change to the host program that theextensions would make were the extensions permitted to load with theinitialization of the host program; displaying at least one of thechanges from the file in a graphical user interface of the host program;selecting a displayed change on the user interface; and in response tosuch a selection, loading an extension associated with the displayedchange by the file.
 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the file wasgenerated upon an earlier initialization of the host program.
 36. Themethod of claim 35, wherein the changes to the host program wererecorded upon the earlier initialization of the host program.
 37. Themethod of claim 34, wherein the file generated independently of the hostprogram.
 38. The method of claim 34, wherein at least one changerepresented in the file comprises bit map data indicative of the change.39. The method of claim 34, wherein the extensions are registered to thehost program through inclusion of the extensions in a registry directoryof the host program.
 40. A data structure useful in the initializationof a host program, wherein the host program has at least one extensionregistered thereto for modifying, deleting, or adding to thefunctionality of the host program, comprising: a file, wherein the filecomprises changes that a plurality of extensions would make to the hostprogram and can be read during initialization of the host program inlieu of loading the extensions.
 41. The data structure of claim 40,wherein the file was generated upon an earlier initialization of thehost program.
 42. The data structure of claim 41, wherein the changes tothe host program were recorded upon the earlier initialization of thehost program.
 43. The data structure of claim 40, wherein the filegenerated independently of the host program.
 44. The data structure ofclaim 40, wherein at least one change represents a graphical change to agraphical user interface of the host program.
 45. The data structure ofclaim 44, wherein the graphical change represented in the file comprisesdata indicative of the graphical change.
 46. The data structure of claim40, wherein at least one change represents a non-graphical change to thehost program.
 47. The data structure of claim 46, wherein thenon-graphical changes comprise a pointer to executable code for anextension.
 48. The data structure of claim 40, wherein the extensionsare registered to the host program through inclusion of the extensionsin a registry directory of the host program.
 49. The data structure ofclaim 40, wherein the file preserves the order in which the extensionswould load.
 50. The data structure of claim 40, wherein each change inthe file is associated with an extension.
 51. The data structure ofclaim 50, wherein the extension is represented in the file by a pointerto the location of the extension.
 52. The data structure of claim 51,wherein the file further comprises for each change at least one routinein the host program that the extension seeks to modify, delete, or addto.
 53. A computer-readable medium containing a program for performing amethod for initializing a host program having a plurality of extensionsregistered thereto for modifying, deleting, or adding to thefunctionality of the host program, the method comprising: initializingthe host program; and upon initializing the host program, reading a filein lieu of loading the extensions, wherein the file represents changesto the host program that the extensions would make were the extensionspermitted to load with the initialization of the host program.
 54. Thecomputer-readable medium of claim 53, wherein the file was generated bythe host program upon an earlier initialization of the host program. 55.The computer-readable medium of claim 53, wherein at least one changerepresents a graphical change to a graphical user interface of the hostprogram.
 56. The computer-readable medium of claim 53, wherein at leastone change represents a non-graphical change to the host program. 57.The computer-readable medium of claim 53, wherein the method furthercomprises: selecting at least one change after initialization of thehost program; and in response to such a selection, loading an extensionassociated with the change by the file.
 58. The computer-readable mediumof claim 57, wherein the method further comprises displaying the atleast one change on a graphical user interface of the host program, andwherein the change is selected from a graphical user interface.
 59. Acomputer-readable medium containing a program for performing a methodfor initializing a host program having at least one extension registeredthereto for modifying, deleting, or adding to the functionality of thehost program, the method comprising: initializing the host program; andupon initializing the host program, reading a file in lieu of loadingthe at least one extension, wherein the file was generated upon anearlier initialization of the host program and comprises changes thatthe extensions made to the host program.
 60. The computer-readablemedium of claim 59, wherein the changes to the host program wererecorded by the host program upon the earlier initialization of the hostprogram.
 61. The computer-readable medium of claim 59, wherein at leastone change represents a graphical change to a graphical user interfaceof the host program.
 62. The computer-readable medium of claim 59,wherein at least one change represents a non-graphical change to thehost program.
 63. The computer-readable medium of claim 59, wherein themethod further comprises: selecting at least one change afterinitialization of the host program; and in response to such a selection,loading an extension associated with the change by the file.
 64. Thecomputer-readable medium of claim 63, wherein the method furthercomprises displaying the at least one change on a graphical userinterface of the host program, and wherein the change is selected from agraphical user interface.
 65. A computer-readable medium containing aprogram for performing a method for initializing a host program havingat least one extension registered thereto for modifying, deleting, oradding to the functionality of the host program, the method comprising:initializing the host program, including loading the at least oneextension; and monitoring the loading of the at least one extension tocreate a file, wherein the file comprises changes that the extensionsmake to the host program.
 66. The computer-readable medium of claim 65,wherein at least one change represents a graphical change to a graphicaluser interface of the host program.
 67. The computer-readable medium ofclaim 65, wherein at least one change represents a non-graphical changeto the host program.
 68. The computer-readable medium of claim 65,wherein the method further comprises: reinitializing the host program;and upon reinitializing the host program, reading the file in lieu ofloading the extensions.
 69. The computer-readable medium of claim 65,wherein the method further comprises: selecting at least one changeafter initialization of the host program; and in response to such aselection, loading an extension associated with the change by the file.70. The computer-readable medium of claim 69, further comprisingdisplaying the at least one change on a graphical user interface of thehost program, and wherein the change is selected from a graphical userinterface.
 71. A computer-readable medium containing a program forperforming a method for initializing a host program having at least oneextension registered thereto for modifying, deleting, or adding to thefunctionality of the host program, the method comprising: initializingthe host program; upon initializing the host program, reading a file inlieu of loading the extensions, wherein the file represents at least onechange to the host program that the extensions would make were theextensions permitted to load with the initialization of the hostprogram; displaying at least one of the changes from the file in agraphical user interface of the host program; selecting a displayedchange on the user interface; and in response to such a selection,loading an extension associated with the displayed change by the file.72. The computer-readable medium of claim 71, wherein the file wasgenerated upon an earlier initialization of the host program.
 73. Thecomputer-readable medium of claim 72, wherein the changes to the hostprogram were recorded upon the earlier initialization of the hostprogram.
 74. The computer-readable medium of claim 71, wherein at leastone change represented in the file comprises bit map data indicative ofthe change.